基于超高纯氙低温精馏的规整填料传热传质模拟和优化设计

Simulation and Optimization Design of Heat and Mass Transfer of Structured Packing Based on Xenon/Krypton Cryogenic Distillation

  • 摘要: PandaX-II 超高纯氙低温精馏系统采用规整填料 PACK-13C以分离商业氙中的杂质氪,以满足高灵敏度、低背景暗物质检测实验的要求,精馏塔总高为6 m,内部填料柱高度为4 m,其中精馏端为1.9 m,提馏段为2.1 m。低温精馏系统运行实验结果表明,在全回流阶段,外塔保持 6\times 10−3 Pa真空,内塔处于178 K、221 kPa的低温工况,氙含氪浓度从3×10−9 mol/mol 降至3×10−12 mol/mol。基于低温精馏系统所使用的规整填料PACK-13C,建立了特征单元上的计算流体力学(CFD)多物理场耦合模型,基于 Delft 模型得到传质系数,模拟了全回流阶段规整填料上的低温气液分离过程,模拟结果与实验结果误差较小。模拟结果显示在规整填料表面进行适当尺寸的穿孔可以显著增强低温气液传质,填料的峰高和波长与分离效率呈负相关,其中峰高的影响更为显著。

     

    Abstract: Based on the structured packing PACK-13C, an ultra-high purity cryogenic distillation system was designed to remove krypton from commercially available xenon to satisfy the needs of low-background and high-sensitivity dark matter detection experiment. The distillation tower had a total height of 6 meters, with an internal packing height of 4 meters. Within the packing, the rectification section was 1.9 meters, and the stripping section was 2.1 meters. The inner diameter of the tower was 80 millimeters. The experiment result of cryogenic distillation system demonstrated that during total-reflux stage, it maintained vacuum of 6\times 10−3 Pa between the inner and outer tower, the temperature of the distillation column is 178 K, the pressure of the top reboiler was approximately 221 kPa. and the krypton concentration in xenon could be reduced from 3×10−9 mol/mol to 3×10−12 mol/mol. According to the characteristic unit of structured packing PACK-13C which used in the cryogenic distillation system, this article constructs a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model incorporating multi-physics coupling, which can perform coupled calculations of flow field, temperature field, and concentration field, and the mass transfer coefficient is calculated from the Delft model. This CFD model could be utilized to simulate the gas-liquid separation process on structured packing unit during total-reflux stage. Compared to the experimental result, the simulation results show the acceptable error and indicate appropriate hole diameter could form a trail with a significant concentration gradient downstream of the holes. The gas-liquid exchange channel between two pieces of packing could effectively increase the local flow velocity, which was able to enhance the mass transfer between cryogenic gas and liquid. The peak height and wave distance are negatively correlated with separation efficiency, as the peak height and wave distance increase, the concentration of the liquid at the outlet rises, the purification efficiency decreases, and the peak height have a more significant impact.

     

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