Abstract: Thermocouple measurement system is widely used in vacuum thermal test.Temperature measurement system cannot be calibrated，because it uses a large number of thermocouple，and the temperature result is affected by temperature field changes of built-in referenced device.Uncertainty analysis and evaluation of thermocouple measurement system is given，according to the principle and the computational formula.Through experimentation with RTD（Resistance Temperature Detector），uncertainty evaluation of thermocouple measurement system is confirmed.