A SURVEY OF THREATS OF SEEs TO SPACECRAFTS AND THEIR SPACEFLIGHT TEST RESULTS（1）

Anomalies and malfunctions of some spacecrafts induced by single event effects（SEEs）are surveyed.SEE spaceflight test methods and ground-based predicting methods are presented.SEE spaceflight test results of some spacecrafts are summarized and reviewed.Comparisons of SEEs alnong geosynchronous orbits,sun synchronous orbits and elliptical orbits at sunquiet time and during solar flares are made.